Cell Division — Biology 练习题

Grades 9–10 中等难度 10 道题

Cell division is how organisms grow, repair tissue, and reproduce. The cell cycle has interphase (G1, S, G2) where DNA is replicated, followed by mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells — used for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes — used for sexual reproduction.

Key mitosis phases: prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (align at equator), anaphase (sister chromatids separate), telophase (nuclei reform). Meiosis includes two rounds of division.

练习的技能

  • Identifying phases of mitosis and meiosis
  • Distinguishing mitosis from meiosis
  • Understanding chromosome number changes
  • Explaining purposes of each type of division
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练习题：Cell Division

说明： 仔细解答每一道题。清晰地展示所有解题过程。在指定位置或按指示在另一张纸上写出最终答案。

  1. 1.Which of the following is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
    1. A. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
    2. B. Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase
    3. C. Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase
    4. D. Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase

Cell Division — 练习题（续）

  1. 2.During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
  2. 3.Label the following stages of mitosis in the diagram below. Choose from: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Cell Division — 练习题（续）

  1. 4.What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Cell Division — 练习题（续）

  1. 5.Which of the following is true about sister chromatids?
    1. A. They are identical copies of each other
    2. B. They are pulled apart during prophase
    3. C. They are formed during telophase
    4. D. They are only found in plant cells

Cell Division — 练习题（续）

  1. 6.Describe what happens during interphase. Include the three subphases.
  2. 7.The structure that forms across the middle of a plant cell during cytokinesis is called the .

Cell Division — 练习题（续）

  1. 8.If a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis? Explain your reasoning.

Cell Division — 练习题（续）

  1. 9.Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell?
    1. A. Prophase
    2. B. Metaphase
    3. C. Anaphase
    4. D. Telophase

Cell Division — 练习题（续）

  1. 10.Explain the role of spindle fibers during mitosis.

参考答案

  1. 1.
    This is the correct sequence of mitotic phases.
    最终答案： a) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
  2. 2.
    DNA replication occurs during the S phase, which is part of interphase.
    最终答案： S phase (Synthesis phase) of interphase.
  3. 3.
    Prophase: chromosomes condense; Metaphase: chromosomes align at equator; Anaphase: sister chromatids separate; Telophase: nuclear membranes reform.
    最终答案： Stage A: Prophase, Stage B: Metaphase, Stage C: Anaphase, Stage D: Telophase
  4. 4.
    Mitosis ends with two nuclei; cytokinesis completes cell division by splitting the cell into two daughter cells.
    最终答案： Mitosis is the division of the nucleus (chromosomes), while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

参考答案（续）

  1. 5.
    Sister chromatids are identical copies formed during DNA replication, held together at the centromere.
    最终答案： a) They are identical copies of each other
  2. 6.
    During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division.
    最终答案： Interphase consists of three subphases: G1 (cell growth and protein synthesis), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).
  3. 7.
    In plant cells, a cell plate forms at the equator and develops into a new cell wall.
    最终答案： cell plate
  4. 8.
    Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (46 in humans). The chromosomes are replicated during S phase, then separated equally.
    最终答案： Each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes.
  5. 9.
    During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (equator) of the cell.
    最终答案： b) Metaphase

参考答案（续）

  1. 10.
    During prophase, spindle fibers form from centrosomes. In metaphase, they align chromosomes. In anaphase, they pull sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles.
    最终答案： Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes and help move them during mitosis.
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需要避免的常见错误

  • Confusing sister chromatids with homologous chromosomes
  • Thinking meiosis produces identical cells
  • Forgetting DNA replication occurs before mitosis in interphase
  • Mixing up haploid (n) and diploid (2n) counts

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