Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices de Biology

Grades 9–10 Difficulté moyenne 10 problèmes

Cell division is how organisms grow, repair tissue, and reproduce. The cell cycle has interphase (G1, S, G2) where DNA is replicated, followed by mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells — used for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes — used for sexual reproduction.

Key mitosis phases: prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (align at equator), anaphase (sister chromatids separate), telophase (nuclei reform). Meiosis includes two rounds of division.

Compétences travaillées

  • Identifying phases of mitosis and meiosis
  • Distinguishing mitosis from meiosis
  • Understanding chromosome number changes
  • Explaining purposes of each type of division
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Fiche d'exercices : Cell Division

Consignes : Résous chaque problème avec soin. Montre clairement tout ton travail. Écris ta réponse finale dans l'espace prévu ou sur une feuille séparée comme indiqué.

  1. 1.Which of the following is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
    1. A. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
    2. B. Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase
    3. C. Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase
    4. D. Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase

Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices (suite)

  1. 2.During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
  2. 3.Label the following stages of mitosis in the diagram below. Choose from: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices (suite)

  1. 4.What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices (suite)

  1. 5.Which of the following is true about sister chromatids?
    1. A. They are identical copies of each other
    2. B. They are pulled apart during prophase
    3. C. They are formed during telophase
    4. D. They are only found in plant cells

Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices (suite)

  1. 6.Describe what happens during interphase. Include the three subphases.
  2. 7.The structure that forms across the middle of a plant cell during cytokinesis is called the .

Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices (suite)

  1. 8.If a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis? Explain your reasoning.

Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices (suite)

  1. 9.Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell?
    1. A. Prophase
    2. B. Metaphase
    3. C. Anaphase
    4. D. Telophase

Cell Division — Fiche d'exercices (suite)

  1. 10.Explain the role of spindle fibers during mitosis.

Corrigé

  1. 1.
    This is the correct sequence of mitotic phases.
    Réponse finale : a) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
  2. 2.
    DNA replication occurs during the S phase, which is part of interphase.
    Réponse finale : S phase (Synthesis phase) of interphase.
  3. 3.
    Prophase: chromosomes condense; Metaphase: chromosomes align at equator; Anaphase: sister chromatids separate; Telophase: nuclear membranes reform.
    Réponse finale : Stage A: Prophase, Stage B: Metaphase, Stage C: Anaphase, Stage D: Telophase
  4. 4.
    Mitosis ends with two nuclei; cytokinesis completes cell division by splitting the cell into two daughter cells.
    Réponse finale : Mitosis is the division of the nucleus (chromosomes), while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

Corrigé (suite)

  1. 5.
    Sister chromatids are identical copies formed during DNA replication, held together at the centromere.
    Réponse finale : a) They are identical copies of each other
  2. 6.
    During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division.
    Réponse finale : Interphase consists of three subphases: G1 (cell growth and protein synthesis), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).
  3. 7.
    In plant cells, a cell plate forms at the equator and develops into a new cell wall.
    Réponse finale : cell plate
  4. 8.
    Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (46 in humans). The chromosomes are replicated during S phase, then separated equally.
    Réponse finale : Each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes.
  5. 9.
    During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (equator) of the cell.
    Réponse finale : b) Metaphase

Corrigé (suite)

  1. 10.
    During prophase, spindle fibers form from centrosomes. In metaphase, they align chromosomes. In anaphase, they pull sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles.
    Réponse finale : Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes and help move them during mitosis.
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Erreurs fréquentes à éviter

  • Confusing sister chromatids with homologous chromosomes
  • Thinking meiosis produces identical cells
  • Forgetting DNA replication occurs before mitosis in interphase
  • Mixing up haploid (n) and diploid (2n) counts

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