Cell Division — Biology 練習ワークシート

Grades 9–10 ふつう 10問

Cell division is how organisms grow, repair tissue, and reproduce. The cell cycle has interphase (G1, S, G2) where DNA is replicated, followed by mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells — used for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes — used for sexual reproduction.

Key mitosis phases: prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (align at equator), anaphase (sister chromatids separate), telophase (nuclei reform). Meiosis includes two rounds of division.

練習するスキル

  • Identifying phases of mitosis and meiosis
  • Distinguishing mitosis from meiosis
  • Understanding chromosome number changes
  • Explaining purposes of each type of division
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練習ワークシート：Cell Division

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  1. 1.Which of the following is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
    1. A. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
    2. B. Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase
    3. C. Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase
    4. D. Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase

Cell Division — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 2.During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
  2. 3.Label the following stages of mitosis in the diagram below. Choose from: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Cell Division — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 4.What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Cell Division — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 5.Which of the following is true about sister chromatids?
    1. A. They are identical copies of each other
    2. B. They are pulled apart during prophase
    3. C. They are formed during telophase
    4. D. They are only found in plant cells

Cell Division — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 6.Describe what happens during interphase. Include the three subphases.
  2. 7.The structure that forms across the middle of a plant cell during cytokinesis is called the .

Cell Division — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 8.If a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis? Explain your reasoning.

Cell Division — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 9.Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell?
    1. A. Prophase
    2. B. Metaphase
    3. C. Anaphase
    4. D. Telophase

Cell Division — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 10.Explain the role of spindle fibers during mitosis.

解答集

  1. 1.
    This is the correct sequence of mitotic phases.
    最終回答： a) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
  2. 2.
    DNA replication occurs during the S phase, which is part of interphase.
    最終回答： S phase (Synthesis phase) of interphase.
  3. 3.
    Prophase: chromosomes condense; Metaphase: chromosomes align at equator; Anaphase: sister chromatids separate; Telophase: nuclear membranes reform.
    最終回答： Stage A: Prophase, Stage B: Metaphase, Stage C: Anaphase, Stage D: Telophase
  4. 4.
    Mitosis ends with two nuclei; cytokinesis completes cell division by splitting the cell into two daughter cells.
    最終回答： Mitosis is the division of the nucleus (chromosomes), while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

解答集（続き）

  1. 5.
    Sister chromatids are identical copies formed during DNA replication, held together at the centromere.
    最終回答： a) They are identical copies of each other
  2. 6.
    During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division.
    最終回答： Interphase consists of three subphases: G1 (cell growth and protein synthesis), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).
  3. 7.
    In plant cells, a cell plate forms at the equator and develops into a new cell wall.
    最終回答： cell plate
  4. 8.
    Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (46 in humans). The chromosomes are replicated during S phase, then separated equally.
    最終回答： Each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes.
  5. 9.
    During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (equator) of the cell.
    最終回答： b) Metaphase

解答集（続き）

  1. 10.
    During prophase, spindle fibers form from centrosomes. In metaphase, they align chromosomes. In anaphase, they pull sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles.
    最終回答： Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes and help move them during mitosis.
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避けるべきよくある間違い

  • Confusing sister chromatids with homologous chromosomes
  • Thinking meiosis produces identical cells
  • Forgetting DNA replication occurs before mitosis in interphase
  • Mixing up haploid (n) and diploid (2n) counts

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