Photosynthesis — Biology 练习题

Grades 7–10 简单难度 10 道题

Photosynthesis is the process plants, algae, and some bacteria use to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. The overall equation is 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O26\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} \to \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2}, with light energy driving the reaction.

Photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts, the organelles that contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs mostly red and blue light and reflects green light, which is why plants look green.

The process has two stages. The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes: they capture light energy, split water, release oxygen, and make the energy carriers ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle then takes place in the stroma, using that energy to build glucose from carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are nearly opposite processes. Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose and releases oxygen, while cellular respiration (C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \to 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}) breaks glucose down to release usable energy for the cell.

练习的技能

  • Writing and interpreting the overall photosynthesis equation
  • Identifying the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll
  • Distinguishing light-dependent reactions from the Calvin cycle
  • Comparing photosynthesis with cellular respiration
  • Tracing the inputs and outputs of matter and energy
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练习题：Photosynthesis

说明： 仔细解答每一道题。清晰地展示所有解题过程。在指定位置或按指示在另一张纸上写出最终答案。

  1. 1.Photosynthesis primarily takes place in which organelle of a plant cell?
    1. A. Nucleus
    2. B. Mitochondrion
    3. C. Chloroplast
    4. D. Ribosome

Photosynthesis — 练习题（续）

  1. 2.Which of the following is a reactant (input) of photosynthesis?
    1. A. Oxygen
    2. B. Glucose
    3. C. Water
    4. D. Carbon dioxide

Photosynthesis — 练习题（续）

  1. 3.What is the main pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy?
    1. A. Carotene
    2. B. Chlorophyll
    3. C. Xanthophyll
    4. D. Melanin

Photosynthesis — 练习题（续）

  1. 4.The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2+6H2O→light energyC6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{light energy}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 In this equation, what is the chemical formula for glucose?
  2. 5.Name the two main stages of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis — 练习题（续）

  1. 6.In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?
  2. 7.What gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis — 练习题（续）

  1. 8.Label the parts of the chloroplast in the diagram below. Write the correct term on each line. Blank 1: _____ Blank 2: _____ Blank 3: _____ Terms to use: Stroma, Thylakoid, Granum

Photosynthesis — 练习题（续）

  1. 9.What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis for the plant?

Photosynthesis — 练习题（续）

  1. 10.Which of the following best describes the role of light in photosynthesis?
    1. A. It is a product of the reaction.
    2. B. It provides the energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
    3. C. It is used to break down glucose into smaller molecules.
    4. D. It has no role in photosynthesis.

参考答案

  1. 1.
    Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site where photosynthesis occurs.
    最终答案： C) Chloroplast
  2. 2.
    Both water (H2_2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2_2) are reactants in photosynthesis. If only one answer is expected, the most commonly cited reactant is carbon dioxide.
    最终答案： C) Water and D) Carbon dioxide
  3. 3.
    Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths.
    最终答案： B) Chlorophyll
  4. 4.
    Glucose is a six-carbon sugar with the formula C6_6H12_{12}O6_6.
    最终答案： C6_6H12_{12}O6_6

参考答案（续）

  1. 5.
    The light-dependent reactions require light and occur in the thylakoid membranes, producing ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle does not require light directly and uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.
    最终答案： The light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
  2. 6.
    The light-dependent reactions take place in and across the thylakoid membranes inside the chloroplast.
    最终答案： The thylakoid membranes (thylakoids)
  3. 7.
    Oxygen is released as a byproduct when water molecules are split during the light-dependent reactions.
    最终答案： Oxygen (O2_2)
  4. 8.
    The thylakoid is the flattened sac where light reactions occur. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids where the Calvin cycle takes place.
    最终答案： Blank 1: Thylakoid, Blank 2: Granum, Blank 3: Stroma

参考答案（续）

  1. 9.
    Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, which the plant uses for cellular respiration and growth.
    最终答案： To produce glucose (food/energy) for the plant.
  2. 10.
    Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), which powers the synthesis of glucose.
    最终答案： B) It provides the energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
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需要避免的常见错误

  • Reversing the reactants and products of the equation
  • Thinking plants get most of their mass from the soil instead of from carbon dioxide
  • Believing plants only photosynthesize (they also perform cellular respiration)
  • Mixing up where each stage occurs (thylakoid vs. stroma)
  • Forgetting that the released oxygen comes from splitting water, not carbon dioxide

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