Photosynthesis — Biology 練習ワークシート

Grades 7–10 かんたん 10問

Photosynthesis is the process plants, algae, and some bacteria use to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. The overall equation is 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O26\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} \to \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2}, with light energy driving the reaction.

Photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts, the organelles that contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs mostly red and blue light and reflects green light, which is why plants look green.

The process has two stages. The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes: they capture light energy, split water, release oxygen, and make the energy carriers ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle then takes place in the stroma, using that energy to build glucose from carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are nearly opposite processes. Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose and releases oxygen, while cellular respiration (C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \to 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}) breaks glucose down to release usable energy for the cell.

練習するスキル

  • Writing and interpreting the overall photosynthesis equation
  • Identifying the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll
  • Distinguishing light-dependent reactions from the Calvin cycle
  • Comparing photosynthesis with cellular respiration
  • Tracing the inputs and outputs of matter and energy
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練習ワークシート：Photosynthesis

指示： 各問題を丁寧に解きましょう。途中式もはっきりと書きましょう。最終的な答えは、指定された場所または指示に従って別の用紙に書いてください。

  1. 1.Photosynthesis primarily takes place in which organelle of a plant cell?
    1. A. Nucleus
    2. B. Mitochondrion
    3. C. Chloroplast
    4. D. Ribosome

Photosynthesis — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 2.Which of the following is a reactant (input) of photosynthesis?
    1. A. Oxygen
    2. B. Glucose
    3. C. Water
    4. D. Carbon dioxide

Photosynthesis — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 3.What is the main pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy?
    1. A. Carotene
    2. B. Chlorophyll
    3. C. Xanthophyll
    4. D. Melanin

Photosynthesis — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 4.The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2+6H2O→light energyC6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{light energy}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 In this equation, what is the chemical formula for glucose?
  2. 5.Name the two main stages of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 6.In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?
  2. 7.What gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 8.Label the parts of the chloroplast in the diagram below. Write the correct term on each line. Blank 1: _____ Blank 2: _____ Blank 3: _____ Terms to use: Stroma, Thylakoid, Granum

Photosynthesis — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 9.What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis for the plant?

Photosynthesis — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 10.Which of the following best describes the role of light in photosynthesis?
    1. A. It is a product of the reaction.
    2. B. It provides the energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
    3. C. It is used to break down glucose into smaller molecules.
    4. D. It has no role in photosynthesis.

解答集

  1. 1.
    Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site where photosynthesis occurs.
    最終回答： C) Chloroplast
  2. 2.
    Both water (H2_2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2_2) are reactants in photosynthesis. If only one answer is expected, the most commonly cited reactant is carbon dioxide.
    最終回答： C) Water and D) Carbon dioxide
  3. 3.
    Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths.
    最終回答： B) Chlorophyll
  4. 4.
    Glucose is a six-carbon sugar with the formula C6_6H12_{12}O6_6.
    最終回答： C6_6H12_{12}O6_6

解答集（続き）

  1. 5.
    The light-dependent reactions require light and occur in the thylakoid membranes, producing ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle does not require light directly and uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.
    最終回答： The light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
  2. 6.
    The light-dependent reactions take place in and across the thylakoid membranes inside the chloroplast.
    最終回答： The thylakoid membranes (thylakoids)
  3. 7.
    Oxygen is released as a byproduct when water molecules are split during the light-dependent reactions.
    最終回答： Oxygen (O2_2)
  4. 8.
    The thylakoid is the flattened sac where light reactions occur. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids where the Calvin cycle takes place.
    最終回答： Blank 1: Thylakoid, Blank 2: Granum, Blank 3: Stroma

解答集（続き）

  1. 9.
    Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, which the plant uses for cellular respiration and growth.
    最終回答： To produce glucose (food/energy) for the plant.
  2. 10.
    Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), which powers the synthesis of glucose.
    最終回答： B) It provides the energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
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避けるべきよくある間違い

  • Reversing the reactants and products of the equation
  • Thinking plants get most of their mass from the soil instead of from carbon dioxide
  • Believing plants only photosynthesize (they also perform cellular respiration)
  • Mixing up where each stage occurs (thylakoid vs. stroma)
  • Forgetting that the released oxygen comes from splitting water, not carbon dioxide

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