The Cold War — World History 練習ワークシート

解答集

1. 1.
   最終回答： Containment was a U.S. foreign policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism beyond its existing borders. It was based on the idea that if the Soviet Union were contained, communism would eventually collapse. Example: The Truman Doctrine (1947) provided military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey to resist communist insurgencies.
2. 2.
   The Berlin Blockade led to the Western Allies airlifting supplies into West Berlin, which deepened Cold War divisions and prompted the creation of NATO in 1949 as a collective security alliance.

   最終回答： B. The formation of NATO
3. 3.
   最終回答： Nuclear weapons created a balance of terror known as mutually assured destruction (MAD), where both superpowers had enough nuclear capability to destroy each other. This deterred direct military conflict, as any attack would result in catastrophic retaliation. It also fueled an arms race and proxy wars, as both sides sought strategic advantages without direct confrontation.

1. 4.
   The Marshall Plan (1948) provided over $12 billion in economic aid to Western Europe, stabilizing economies and reducing the appeal of communist parties.

   最終回答： B. To rebuild Western European economies and prevent the spread of communism
2. 5.
   最終回答： Causes: The Korean War began when North Korea (backed by the Soviet Union and China) invaded South Korea in 1950. Outcomes: The war ended in a stalemate with an armistice in 1953, leaving Korea divided at the 38th parallel. It demonstrated that the Cold War could turn into a hot war in proxy regions and led to a permanent U.S. military presence in South Korea.
3. 6.
   最終回答： Kennedy: (1) Imposed a naval quarantine (blockade) around Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles. (2) Agreed to remove U.S. Jupiter missiles from Turkey in a secret deal. Khrushchev: (1) Agreed to dismantle and remove Soviet missiles from Cuba. (2) Accepted a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba.
4. 7.
   Détente was a period of relaxed tensions in the 1970s, marked by arms control agreements like SALT I (1972) and increased diplomatic and economic exchanges.

   最終回答： B. The signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I)

1. 8.
   最終回答： The Vietnam War deeply divided American public opinion, leading to widespread protests and a loss of trust in government (e.g., the Pentagon Papers). It forced a shift in U.S. foreign policy toward the Nixon Doctrine, which emphasized that allies should take primary responsibility for their own defense, and contributed to a more cautious approach to military intervention (the “Vietnam Syndrome”).
2. 9.
   The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, was a powerful symbol of the end of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the beginning of German reunification, though the Cold War officially ended later with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

   最終回答： B. It symbolized the collapse of communist control in Eastern Europe

1. 10.
   最終回答： Model Essay Thesis: While ideology played a central role in shaping Cold War rhetoric and alliances, the conflict was equally driven by economic and geopolitical interests. Evidence: (1) The Marshall Plan combined economic aid with anti-communist ideology. (2) The Korean War was a geopolitical proxy war fought over strategic territory. (3) The Cuban Missile Crisis was rooted in both ideological competition and strategic military positioning. A strong essay would argue that ideology, economics, and geopolitics were deeply intertwined.